There is no doubt that electric vehicles (EVs) will eventually dominate our roads. So, what are some of the most important things to know if considering a switch to electric?
Types of electric vehicle
The three main types of EVs are battery electric (BEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), and extended range (E-REV).
BEVs are powered only by electricity. They are also known as ‘pure’ electric or ‘100%’ electric. These do not produce any emissions whatsoever.
PHEVs have an electric drive motor, a battery, and an internal combustion engine (ICE). They can be driven using the electric drive motor, the ICE, or both. They have no real range limitation. PHEVs need to be charged regularly in order to be efficient.
EREVs are a sub-type of PHEVs. They have a battery, an electric drive motor, and a small petrol or diesel generator. The wheels are always driven by the electric motor, whilst the ICE acts as a generator when the battery runs out. The range on these is up to 300 miles.
Why are electric vehicles popular?
As well as being much more environmentally friendly, EVs attract lower running costs, charging is much cheaper than the equivalent cost of ‘fuel’, they have fewer mechanical components (and therefore fewer ‘bits’ that can go wrong), and some towns and cities now offer free parking for EVs.
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There are some downsides
The primary concern of many is around range. The average range of an electric car today is around 215 miles. Although this is fine for most, it is not enough for everyone.
Other issues include the unavailability of charge points, high initial purchase prices, and limited battery life.
They are still quite expensive
The purchase price of new electric vehicles actually varies quite considerably but the average in the UK is around £50,000. Of course, used ones cost less than this.
How an electric drivetrain turns charge into motion
Whatever the type, an electric vehicle works on a simple principle. Electrical energy is stored in a battery, and an electric motor converts that energy into mechanical energy that turns the wheels. The battery is recharged from an external source, either a dedicated charging station or an ordinary wall socket.
Because there is no combustion engine, a fully electric car produces no tailpipe emissions. It also has fewer parts that wear out, so maintenance tends to be lower and there is no need for regular oil changes. Running costs are generally lower than for a petrol or diesel car.
Tax incentives and rebates are offered in many places to encourage people to switch. Taken together, these benefits make electric vehicles a strong option for drivers who want to reduce their carbon footprint and spend less on getting around.
Everyday benefits for the driver
Beyond the environmental case, electric cars offer practical advantages that owners notice day to day. Running costs are lower, because charging with electricity costs less than filling up with petrol or diesel, and charging from renewable sources such as solar panels can cut that cost further. Maintenance is cheaper too. An electric motor has far fewer moving parts than a combustion engine, so there is less to lubricate, service and replace.
Performance has improved a great deal. Modern EVs offer quick, smooth acceleration, and they are almost silent on the road, which helps reduce noise pollution. With fewer components and simple controls, they are also easy to drive.
Without a large engine taking up room, many EVs have more cabin and luggage space than you might expect. And with most countries committing to cut their reliance on fossil fuels and improve charging infrastructure, choosing electric now is a way of preparing for how driving is likely to look in future.
Choosing the right electric car for you
Once you understand the basics, choosing a specific model comes down to a few practical points. Cost is the first. Battery packs and drivetrains keep prices relatively high, so set a realistic budget, and consider leasing as an accessible way into your first electric car. Ask whether the regular software updates manufacturers release are included or charged for, as they affect performance and security.
Motor and battery sizes vary widely. Too much power can waste money, while too little can be frustrating, so match the specification to your needs. The battery is the most important and expensive component. A longer-lasting battery means lower maintenance costs, and a replacement can be pricey.
Think about charging too. Fast charging costs more to install and is less widely available, while standard and slow charging can be done from home. Range is often the deciding factor. Rather than relying only on manufacturer figures, read real-world reviews. Finally, weigh up your commute, where you live and access to charging on the go.